
There are four subtypes of rosacea. Each subtype has its own set of symptoms. It is possible to have more than one subtype of rosacea at a time.
Rosacea’s trademark symptom is small, red, pus-filled bumps on the skin that are present during flare-ups. Typically, rosacea affects only skin on your nose, cheeks, and forehead.
Flare-ups often occur in cycles. This means that you will experience symptoms for weeks or months at a time, the symptoms will go away, and then return.
The four types of rosacea are:
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The cause of rosacea is unknown, but it could be due to a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene.
A number of factors can trigger or aggravate rosacea by increasing blood flow to the surface of your skin. Some of these factors include:
Anyone can develop rosacea. But you may be more likely to develop it if you:
Signs and symptoms of rosacea may include:
There's no specific test for rosacea. Instead, doctors rely on the history of your symptoms and a physical examination of your skin. In some cases, your doctor may have you undergo tests to rule out other conditions, such as other forms of acne, psoriasis, eczema or lupus. These conditions can sometimes cause signs and symptoms similar to those of rosacea.
If your eyes are involved, your doctor may refer you to an eye specialist
(ophthalmologist).
Treatment for rosacea focuses on controlling signs and symptoms. Most often this requires a combination of skin care and prescription treatments.
The duration of your treatment depends on the type and severity of your symptoms. Recurrence is common.
Medications
The type of medication your doctor prescribes depends on what signs and symptoms you're experiencing. Prescription drugs for rosacea include:
Other topical products that have been shown to reduce redness and the pimples of mild rosacea are azelaic acid and metronidazole. With these drugs, improvements generally don't appear for three to six weeks.
Therapies
Laser therapy may help reduce the redness of enlarged blood vessels.
Other options for treating visible blood vessels and changes due to rhinophyma
are dermabrasion, intense pulsed light therapy and electrosurgery.
It is not possible to prevent rosacea, but it is possible to limit one’s
exposure to triggering factors. Once a patient receives a diagnosis of rosacea,
it is wise to avoid factors like spicy foods, hot liquids, smoking, and
irritating cosmetics that are known to trigger rosacea.
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It changes rapidly
This data changes rapidly, so what’s shown may be out of date. Table totals may not always represent an accurate sum. Information about reported cases is also available on the World Health Organisation site.
It doesn’t include all cases
Confirmed cases aren’t all cases. They only include people who tested positive. Testing rules and availability vary by country.